Agriculture and the Economy


navajosheep.jpg
A Navajo girl with sheep

Agricultural History
From: Elias, Scott. "Navajo (Diné)." Land Use History of North America:Colorado Plateau. 2002. 4 May 2009 http://cpluhna.nau.edu/People/navajo.htm

· Originally a farming, hunting and gathering society
· Spanish explorers in 1600’s gave sheep to the Navajo
· By 1800’s had become dependant on livestock for their economy
o Due to herding success Navajo population tripled
· Navajo still farmed, hunted and gathered but not as important
· Herding caused Navajo settlement patterns to change
o Now had separate summer and winter camps based on where supplies could be found for the livestock
· Navajo began to raid Spanish-American herds but stopped when American invaded Navajo land and took them to Fort Sumner(see Events & Leaders > The Long Walk)
· After being away for four years(The Long Walk) the Navajo’s fields were ruined and their livestock was dead
· Navajo rebuilt quickly and doubled population (to 18,000) between 1868-1892
· By 1930’s soil on Navajo land was very eroded based on overuse of land by livestock
o Led to Livestock Reduction(see Events & Leaders>Livestock Reduction)
· Livestock and agriculture still important parts of the Navajo culture but not main part of economy


Sheep in the Navajo culture
From: Iverson, Peter. The Navajos. New York City: Chelsea House Publishers, 1990. (Pgs 30-31)

· By late 1700’s Navajo lifestyle based around sheep herding
· Sheep grazed together but were owned individually
o Marked by ear tags
o Almost all women and men owned at least a few sheep
· Parents gave lambs to children
o Caused children to learn about being part of their community as well as responsibility
· Sheep sheared every spring by whole community
· Used wool for weaving into blankets
· Sheep also used as source of meat
o Given to immediate family as well as shared with other tribe members
o Having extra meat to share showed skill in taking care of their sheep
· Mutton and lamb eaten at religious ceremonies




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